Hi, I’m Kae.
嗨，我是凱。
Welcome to Oxford Online English!
歡迎來到牛津線上英語！
In this lesson, you can learn about sentence stress in English.
在本課程中，你可以了解英語中句子的重讀。
Stress is very important for your English pronunciation.
重讀對你的英語發音非常重要。
There are many different types of stress in English, and stress is used in many different ways.
在英語中，有許多不同類型的重讀，而且重讀有許多不同的使用方式。
But wait a minute, what is stress?
但等等，什麼是重讀？
Stress means that you pronounce some syllables more strongly than others.
重讀意味著你發某些音節會比其他的音節強。
‘More strongly’ means you pronounce these syllables more loudly, more clearly, and more slowly.
“更強”意味著你發這些音節的音會更大聲，更清晰，更慢。
Pronouncing sentence stress correctly will make a big difference to your English pronunciation.
正確地發出句子的重讀，會讓你的英語發音大不同。
You’ll immediately sound clearer and more natural when you speak English.
當你講英語時，會立刻聽起來更清晰，更自然。
（Part One：Introduction to Sentence Stress）
Let’s start by looking at sentence stress in more detail.
讓我們從更詳細看句子的重讀開始吧。
Look at a sentence: 看一句話：
例１：How about we go for a coffee this afternoon?
我們今天下午去喝咖啡怎麼樣？
In this sentence, there are two kinds of words; let’s call them content words and grammar words.
在這句話中，有兩種字;我們稱他們為內容字和文法字。
Content words give you the meaning of the sentence.
內容字給你句子的意思。
The content words here are go, coffee, this and afternoon.
這裡的內容字是go，coffee，this及afternoon。
If you don’t hear these words, you won’t understand the sentence.
如果你沒有聽到這些字，你就無法了解這句話。
Grammar words don’t carry meaning.
文法字不帶意義。
They’re grammatically necessary; they connect the content words together.
他們是文法上必需的;他們把內容字連結在一起。
Think about it this way: if someone comes up to you and says, “Go coffee this afternoon?”
以這種方式思考一下：如果有人來對你說，“今天下午去喝咖啡？”
you can understand what they mean, even if it sounds a bit weird.
你可以了解他們的意思，即使聽起來有點怪。
So, why are we talking about this?
那麼，為什麼我們要談論這個呢？
Aren’t we supposed to be talking about sentence stress?
我們不是要談論句子的重讀嗎？
The difference between content words and grammar words is the foundation of sentence stress.
內容字和文法字之間的區別是句子重讀的基礎。
Content words are usually stressed, and grammar words are usually unstressed.
內容字通常是重讀，文法字通常不重讀。
Listen and try to hear the stress: How about we GO for a coffee this afternoon?
注意聽並試著聽聽重讀：我們今天喝咖啡怎麼樣？
Listen again: How about we GO for a coffee this afternoon?
再聽一遍：我們今天下午去喝咖啡怎麼樣？
Can you read the sentence with the stress?
你能用重讀唸這句話嗎？
Repeat after me: How about we GO for a coffee this afternoon?
跟著我重複：我們今天下午去喝咖啡怎麼樣？
Do it one more time: How about we GO for a coffee this afternoon?
再來一次：我們今天下午去喝咖啡怎麼樣？
Let’s look at one more example sentence:
讓我們再多看一個例句：
例２：My phone’s broken, so I’m going to buy a new one.
我的手機壞了，所以我打算買一個新的。
Which words do you think are content words, and which words are grammar words?
你認為哪些字是內容字，哪些字是文法字？
Before you answer, you should know one important point.
回答之前，你須知道一個重點。
Sentence stress is flexible, and the line between content words and grammar words isn’t fixed, so the answers we show you are just the most probable ones; there are other possibilities.
句子重讀是很有靈活的，內容字和文法字之間的界線不是固定的，所以我們給你的答案只是最有可能的而已;還有其他的可能性。
So, think about your sentence, and which words you think are content words or grammar words.
所以，想一想你的句子，以及你認為哪些字是內容字或文法字。
Pause the video if you want more thinking time!
如果你需要多點思考時間，請暫停一下影片！
Ready?
準備？
Here’s our suggestion.
這是我們的建議。
Again, think about it like this: if you hear the content words, you can understand the meaning of the sentence: “phone broken, going buy new one.”
再一次，像這樣想一想：如果你聽到內容字，你可以了解句子的意思：“電話壞了，去買新的。“
If you hear only the grammar words, it doesn’t make any sense at all: “my so I’m to a.”
如果你只聽到文法字，那就沒有任何意義：“我就是這樣。”
By the way, this idea can also really help your English listening.
順便說一下，這個概念也可以幫助你的英語聽力。
You can see that you don’t need to hear every word to understand the meaning of a sentence.
你可以看到你不需要聽到每一個字，就能了解一個句子的意思了。
If you focus on listening to the stressed words, you can understand someone’s meaning, even if you don’t hear the unstressed grammar words.
如果你專注於傾聽重讀字，即使你沒有聽到不重讀的文法字，你仍可以了解某人的意思。
Anyway, let’s practice this sentence.
無論如何，讓我們練習這句話。
Can you say the sentence with the stress?
你能說出有帶有重讀的這句子嗎？
Repeat after me: My phone’s broken, so I’m going to buy a new one.
跟著我重複：我的電話壞了，所以我要買一個新的。
Try once more: My phone’s broken, so I’m going to buy a new one.
再試一次：我的手機壞了，所以我要買一個新的。
Okay, now you know the basics about sentence stress.
好，現在你知道關於句子重讀的基礎知識了。
（part Two：Recognising and Pronouncing Sentence Stress）
Let’s see what you can do!
讓我們看看你能做些什麼！
Look at three sentences:
看三句話：
例３：Could you get some bread from the bakery on your way here?
你能順道從麵包店買些麵包嗎？
例４：I heard that the weather’s going to be bad tomorrow.
我聽說明天天氣不好。
例５：He has no idea what he wants to do after he graduates.
他不知道畢業後想做什麼。
So, first of all, pause the video, and find the stressed words in these three sentences.
所以，首先，暫停影片一下，找出這三句話中的重讀字。
Take as much time as you need, and start again when you’re ready.
依你所需的時間，準備好了，就重新開始。
Okay? 好的？
Let’s look at our suggested answers.
讓我們看看建議的答案。
Remember that other answers are possible:
記住，其他答案是可能的：
Next, let’s try reading the sentences together.
接下來，我們一起試唸這些句子。
Repeat after me, and pay attention to the stress: Could you get some bread from the bakery on your way here?
跟著我重複，並注意重讀：你可以順道從麵包店買一些麵包嗎？
Try it once more: Could you get some bread from the bakery on your way here?
再試一次：你可以順道從麵包店買一些麵包嗎？
Let’s do the next one: I heard that the weather’s going to be bad tomorrow.
讓我們唸下一句：我聽說明天天氣會不好。
One more time: I heard that the weather’s going to be bad tomorrow.
再一次：我聽說明天天氣會不好。
Let’s try the third sentence: He has no idea what he wants to do after he graduates.
讓我們試試第三句：他不知道畢業後想要做什麼。
Again: He has no idea what he wants to do after he graduates.
再說一次：他不知道畢業後想做什麼。
How was that? 怎麼樣？
Easy? 簡單？
Difficult? 難？
Remember that you can go back and review this section as many times as you need to.
記住，你可以回來並溫習這段內容，依你需要多少次。
You can also adjust the video speed to make it easier or more difficult.
你還可以調整影片速度，使它更簡單或更困難。
For example, if you find it difficult, watch this section again at point seven five or point five speed.
例如，如果你覺得困難，請再次用0.75或0.5的速度看本節。
Practice at a lower speed until you can pronounce the stress easily.
用較低的速度練習，直到你能容易去發重讀。
Then, try again at full speed!
然後，全速再試一次！
Now, to pronounce sentence stress well, you also need to pay attention to the unstressed words in a sentence.
現在，要去發好句子重讀聲，你還需要注意句中不重讀的字。
Why is this?
為什麼是這樣？
Here’s a very important point about sentence stress, or any stress.
關於句子的重讀或，其他重讀，這是一個非常重要的重點。
Stress is about contrast.
重讀與對比有關。
You heard before that stress means pronouncing some syllables more loudly, more clearly, and more slowly than others.
你前面聽到重讀意味著發一些音節更大聲，更清楚，而且比其他字慢。
That means that stress is relative.
這意味著重讀是相對的。
To pronounce stress clearly, you need a clear contrast between your stressed and unstressed syllables.
要去清楚地重讀發音，再重讀和不重讀之間的音節之間，需要一個清楚的對比。
So, when you’re practicing sentence stress, you should pay equal attention to the unstressed words.
所以，當你練習句子重讀時，你應該同樣注意不重讀的字
Let’s look at an example, using a sentence you saw before:
讓我們看一個例子，使用一個前面你看過的句子：
Could you GET some BREAD from the BAKERY on your WAY HERE?
你可以順道從麵包店買一些麵包嗎？
You need to pronounce the stressed words more strongly, and you need to pronounce the unstressed words at a lower volume and a higher speed.
你需要更強地發音重讀字，你需要以較低音量和較高速度的字發出不重讀的字。
Often, unstressed words have a weak pronunciation.
通常，不重讀的字發音較弱。
Knowing how to pronounce weak forms is also important if you want to pronounce sentence stress clearly.
如果你想清楚地發出，重讀知道如何發出弱讀形式也是重要的。
Let’s try something.
我們試試吧。
Read the sentence.
讀一下這句話。
Make the stressed words as clear as possible.
盡可能清楚地重讀。
Exaggerate the stress a little bit.
稍微誇大重讀一點。
Pronounce the unstressed words as fast as you can.
盡可能快速地發出不重讀的字。
Try to get a really clear contrast between the stressed and unstressed words.
試著在重讀和不重讀的話，二者之間，找到清楚的對比。
Listen first: Could you GET some BREAD from the BAKERY on your WAY HERE?
先聽一下：你可以順道從麵包店買一些麵包嗎？
Now you try: Could you GET some BREAD from the BAKERY on your WAY HERE?
現在你試試：你可以順道從麵包店買一些麵包嗎？
Let’s do one more example, with a new sentence.
我們再多練習一個例子，用一個新句子。
Look at the sentence:
看看這句話：
I HAVEN’T HEARD ANYTHING from them SINCE their WEDDING.
Try reading the sentence.
試著讀這句話。
Again, focus on the contrast between stressed and unstressed syllalbles: I HAVEN’T HEARD ANYTHING from them SINCE their WEDDING.
再次，專注重讀之間的對比和不重讀的音節：從他們的婚禮以來，我一直沒他們訊息。
It’s worth spending some time practicing this contrast: if you can pronounce the contrast between stressed and unstressed sounds clearly, your English will sound much better and more natural.
值得花一些時間練習這種對比：如果你在重讀和不重讀的聲音之間能，發出對比，你的英語聽起來會更好，更自然。
We were exaggerating the contrast slightly, so that you could hear it clearly.
我們稍微誇大一下對比，就能清楚地聽到。
It’s fine to do this while you’re practicing!
練習的時候，這樣做很好！
You can go back and review this section, or review the previous section and focus on contrast in your pronunciation.
你可以回去溫習這部分，或溫習前面段落並專注在你的發音的對比上。
What’s next?
下一步是什麼？
Well, you heard before that sentence stress is flexible.
好吧，你前面聽過句子的重讀是很靈活的。
Let’s talk more about that!
我們來多談！
Hello, what can I get you?
你好，我能給你什麼？
One chocolate and raspberry muffin and a small americano with milk, please.
一個巧克力和覆盆子鬆餅和一個小美式咖啡和牛奶，拜託。
Sorry, you said a CHOCOLATE and raspberry muffin?
對不起，你說的是巧克力和覆盆子鬆餅？
That’s right!
對！
Here you are!
這是你要的！
I said a chocolate RASPBERRY muffin.
我說巧克力RASPBERRY鬆餅。
Oh, I am sorry!
哦，對不起！
I thought you said chocolate and STRAWBERRY.
我以為你說過巧克力和STRAWBERRY。
Also, is there milk in this coffee?
此外，咖啡內有牛奶嗎？
Did you want MILK?
你想要MILK嗎？
I thought you said an americano with SUGAR!
我以為你說美式咖啡加SUGAR！
No, with MILK!
不，加MILK！
I’ll make you a new one.
我給你做個新的。
One cappuccino with milk coming up.
一杯卡布奇諾加牛奶，馬上來。
No, not CAPPUCINO!
不，不是CAPPUCINO！
AMERICANO!
AMERICANO！
Right, right, just a minute.
對，對，只需一分鐘。
Sentence stress is flexible.
句子重讀很有靈活。
It doesn’t follow strict rules; instead, it depends on the meaning you want to express.
它不是遵循嚴格的規則;而是，取決於你想表達的意思。
Sometimes, one idea in your sentence is more important than others.
有時，你的話中有一個想法比其他的更重要。
You’ll add extra stress to this idea.
你會給這個想法添加額外的重讀。
Why does this happen?
為什麼會這樣？
One reason is to contradict or correct someone.
一個原因是去當某人發生矛盾或糾正某人。
For example: 例如：
Buenos Aires is the capital of China.
布宜諾斯艾利斯是中國的首都。
No, Mikey.
不，Mikey。
Buenos Aires is the capital of ARGENTINA.
布宜諾斯艾利斯是ARGENTINA的首都。
BEIJING is the capital of China.
BEIJING是中國的首都。
Two plus two is five.
兩加二是五。
No, Mikey.
不，Mikey。
Two plus two is FOUR.
二加二是FOUR。
Carrots are green.
胡蘿蔔是綠色的。
No, Mikey.
不，Mikey。
Carrots are ORANGE.
胡蘿蔔是ORANGE。
Another reason to add extra stress is that you want to contrast two ideas.
增加額外重讀的另一個原因是，你想對比兩個想法。
For example:
例如：
I didn’t want CAPPUCINO; I wanted an AMERICANO.
我不想要CAPPUCINO;我想要一個AMERICANO。
she doesn’t live in PARIS; she lives in ROME.
她不住在PARIS;她住在ROME。
The flight left at TEN? but I thought it left at TWELVE!
這個航班離開TEN？但我以為它離開了在TWELVE！
Finally, you might add extra stress just to emphasise one idea in your sentence, like this:
最後，你可能會增加額外的重讀去強調在你句子中的一個想法，比如這個：
ARE you going to London tomorrow?
你明天要去倫敦嗎？
→Meaning: I’m emphasising the question, because I want a yes or no answer from you.
→意思：我在重讀這個問題，因為我想要你的回答是或否。
Are YOU going to London tomorrow?
你明天要去倫敦嗎？
→Meaning: I know some other people are going to London, but I want to know if you are going.
→意思：我知道其他人要去倫敦，但我想知道你是否要去。
This stress pattern is often used to show surprise.
這種重讀模式經常被用來表示驚喜。
Are you going to London TOMORROW?
你明天要去倫敦嗎？
→Meaning: I know you’re going to London on another day, but I want to know specifically about tomorrow.
→意思是：我知道將來某天你要去倫敦，但我特別想知道而是關於明天。
Again, this suggests that I’m surprised.
再次，這表示我很驚訝。
In all of these cases, you add extra stress to one word in the sentence.
在所有這些情況下，你都會在句中增加額外的重讀到在句子中的一個字上。
This doesn’t replace ‘regular’ sentence stress.
這並不能取代“常規”句子重讀。
Instead, it’s like an extra layer on top of it.
相反，它就像是頂部的額外一層。
In the question Are you going to London tomorrow, the content words going, London and tomorrow are stressed.
在問句中Are you going to London tomorrow? 內容字，為going, London and tomorrow要重讀。
If you want to add stress to emphasise one idea, then you add this on top of the existing stress.
如果你想用增加重讀去強調一個想法，你要在現有的重讀上添加此重讀。
For example: 例如：
Are YOU going to London tomorrow?
你明天要去倫敦嗎？
In this case, you add ‘regular’ sentence stress to going, London and tomorrow, and ‘extra’ sentence stress to you.
在這種情況下，你添加“常規”句子重讀going, London 和 tomorrow’額外‘重讀到you。
The ‘extra’ stress should be stronger than the ‘regular’ stress.
“額外”重讀應該比“常規”重讀更強。
Try it! 試試吧！
Repeat after me: Are YOU going to London tomorrow?
跟著我重複：Are YOU going to London tomorrow?
Try one more time: Are YOU going to London tomorrow?
再試一次：Are YOU going to London tomorrow?？
Note that this ‘extra’ stress can be anywhere, including on grammar words.
注意，這種”額外”重讀可以在任何地方，包括在文法字上。
So now, you know the most important points about sentence stress in English.
所以現在，你知道了，英語中，關於句子重讀的最重要地方了。
Here’s a question: what do you think you need to focus on most in your English pronunciation?
有一個問題：你認為在英語發音中，最須關注的是什麼？
What would make the biggest difference for you?
什麼會給你產生最大的不同
Let us know in the comments.
讓我們在評論中能夠知道。
If you give us a good idea, we might make a video about your suggestion!
如果你給我們一個好主意，我們可能會做一個關於你的建議的影片！
Did you know that we offer online English classes which can help you to improve your English pronunciation?
你知道我們提供可以幫助你改善英語發音的線上英語課程嗎？
Check out our website for details: Oxford Online English. com.
查看我們的網站了解詳情：Oxford Online English. com。
Thanks for watching!
謝謝觀看！